Phonics Instruction: Phonics instruction involves teaching students the relationship between letters and sounds. Teachers can provide explicit instruction in phonics, including letter-sound correspondences, and provide opportunities for students to practice decoding words using phonics skills.

Word Families: Word families involve groups of words that share a common sound or spelling pattern. Teachers can provide opportunities for students to practice decoding words using word families, such as by providing word family charts or engaging in word family games.

Word Analysis: Word analysis involves breaking words into smaller parts, such as prefixes, suffixes, and roots, in order to decode them. Teachers can model and encourage students to use word analysis strategies, and provide opportunities for them to practice by using word analysis puzzles or engaging in word analysis games.

Context Clues: Context clues involve using the surrounding text to help decode unfamiliar words. Teachers can model and encourage students to use context clues, such as by providing examples of how to use context clues to decode words, and providing opportunities for students to practice using context clues to decode words in a variety of texts.

Guided Reading: Guided reading involves providing students with opportunities to read texts at their instructional level, with guidance and support from the teacher. Teachers can provide opportunities for students to practice decoding words in a guided reading setting, and provide feedback and support as needed.

Sight Words: Sight words are high-frequency words that students learn to recognize by sight rather than decoding them. Teachers can provide opportunities for students to practice recognizing and reading sight words, such as by engaging in sight word games or activities.

Fluency Practice: Fluency practice involves providing students with opportunities to read text fluently and accurately. Teachers can provide opportunities for students to practice decoding words fluently, such as by engaging in repeated reading activities or using timed reading passages to track progress.